Islamic Empire (medieval) - Mamluk Sultanate. Lot of 3 AR
Are you interested in this item?This item is up for auction at Catawiki. Please click on "respond to advert" (orange button) to get redirected to the Catawiki website. Catawiki’s goal is to make special objects universally available. Our weekly auctions feature thousands of unusual, rare, and exceptional objects you won’t find in just any store. Islamic Empire Mamluk SultanateMuhammad I & al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars I Lot of 3 AR Dirhams.During the period in which this coin is dated, 20 August August , Christian Europe launched the final crusades into the Holy Lands, largely in response to Baybars' capture of Antioch in . Louis IX of France (the latter 'St. Louis') called for an Eighth Crusade in , but it was not until the fall of Antioch that he and his brother, Charles of Anjou, were able to gather the requisite forces. The army landed on the African coast in July , but almost immediately most of the men fell ill due to the poor conditions. Louis soon died, and by 30 October, Charles called off the siege of Tunis, effectively ending the Crusade. Baybars intended on sending forces to help the Muslim forces, but decided not to upon hearing of Louis' death. Meanwhile, Edward I of England gathered forces to assist the Eighth Crusade, but arrived as it ended. Nonetheless, he, along with Charles of Anjou, continued on to Acre, marking the beginning of the Ninth Crusade. Edward arrived in Acre in May , just as Baybars was beginning to besiege Tripoli, the only other city remaining in the hands of the Crusaders. Baybars was forced to end his siege as the Crusaders were able to effectively disrupt his lines of communication to Egypt. Also, Edward formed an alliance with the Ilkhans, who began attacking Baybars' allies in Aleppo, but their advances were no more than raids and had no lasting effect. Over the fall and winter months, little territory changed hands, and both sides eventually entered into negotiations for a long-lasting peace treaty. The negotiations nearly failed due to an assassination attempt on Edward's life, but the death of his father, Henry III, necessitated his return to England, so he completed a hasty treaty and withdrew, leaving Baybars' power in the region relatively unscathed by the Crusade.ATTENTION PLEASE: Average shipping time day !!! ____________________________________________ Please check out my other listings. We guarantee the authenticity of every item we sell. Read more